This chapter tries to lay out the big picture of AI safety strategy to mitigate the risks explored previously.

AI capabilities advance very rapidly, the strategies designed to ensure safety must also evolve. The first version of this document was written in summer of 2024, this version includes the update during the summer of 2025. Through the course of this chapter, we aim to provide a structured overview of the thinking and ongoing work in AI safety strategy as of 2025. We acknowledge both established methods and emerging research directions.

We have categorized mitigations around preventing misuse of AI, safety mitigations for AGI and ASI, and finally socio-technical approaches that help mitigate concerns more generally across all categories. Even though we have chosen a decomposition for sake of explanation, we advocate for a comprehensive approach that combines many of these strategies instead of pursuing just a few in isolation. Finally we have a combined strategies section, where we attempt to outline one potential way that this combination could look to create a layered defense-in-depth framework.

Acknowledgements

We thank Alexandre Variengien, Jeanne Salle, Charles Martinet, Amaury Lorin, Alejandro Acelas, Evander Hammer, Jessica Wen, Angélina Gentaz, Jonathan Claybrough, Camille Berger, Josh Thorsteinson and Pauliina Laine for their valuable feedback and contributions.